:root {
  --primary-color: #b50025;
  --secondary-color: #ff6987;
  --accent-color: #ffcfd8;
  --light-color: #ffffff;
  --dark-color: #1f2937;
  --text-color: #111827;
  --muted-text-color: #4b5563;
  --background-color: #ffffff;
  --soft-background: #fff5f7;
  --card-background: #ffffff;
  --header-gradient: linear-gradient(to bottom, #fff5f7 0%, #ffffff 100%);
  --footer-gradient: linear-gradient(to right, #1f2937, #b50025);
  --link-color: #b50025;
  --font-family:
    "Nunito", "Avenir Next", "Segoe UI", system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --display-font-family: "Roboto Slab", Georgia, serif;
  --radius-sm: 8px;
  --radius-md: 12px;
  --radius-lg: 16px;
  --shadow-sm: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --shadow-md: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  --shadow-lg: 0 18px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  --transition: 180ms ease;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--background-color);
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-family: var(--font-family);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

a {
  color: var(--link-color);
}

p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}

.container {
  width: min(100% - 32px, 1300px);
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.content-narrow {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.header-section {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  padding: 90px 0 70px;
  background: var(--header-gradient);
  color: var(--dark-color);
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.header-section::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -50%;
  right: -18%;
  width: min(820px, 80vw);
  height: 190%;
  background: radial-gradient(
    ellipse at center,
    rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.13) 0%,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 70%
  );
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: rotate(-24deg);
}

.header-section .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.paper-title {
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: #111827;
  font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 5vw, 3.7rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.paper-subtitle {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2vw, 1.65rem);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.author-line {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 6px 12px;
  margin: 12px 0;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.author-link {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 3px 5px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: var(--text-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition:
    background-color var(--transition),
    transform var(--transition);
}

.author-link[href]:hover {
  background-color: rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.08);
  text-decoration: underline;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.affiliation-line {
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.institution-logos {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.institution-logo {
  width: 140px;
  max-height: 44px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.institution-logo.logo-wide {
  width: 190px;
}

.action-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 28px;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition:
    transform var(--transition),
    box-shadow var(--transition),
    background-color var(--transition);
}

.btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.primary-btn {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.primary-btn:hover {
  background: #8f001d;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.secondary-btn {
  background: var(--secondary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.secondary-btn:hover {
  background: #e94f70;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.section {
  margin: 0 0 28px;
}

.section-title {
  margin: 60px 0 30px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3vw, 2.15rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-align: center;
}

.section-title::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 100px;
  height: 3px;
  margin: 15px auto 0;
  background: var(--secondary-color);
}

.tldr-box {
  margin: 24px 0 50px;
  padding: clamp(22px, 4vw, 36px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.16);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: rgba(255, 207, 216, 0.28);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.eyebrow-title {
  margin: 0 0 22px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-align: center;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.callout {
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  padding: 22px;
  border: 2px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.18);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.lead {
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 2vw, 1.25rem);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.lead-strong {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.4rem);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.tldr-panel {
  padding: clamp(20px, 3vw, 28px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.14);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.tldr-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.45rem;
}

.tldr-list li {
  padding-left: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.6vw, 1.2rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.tldr-list li::marker {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.tldr-figure {
  --tldr-figure-height: 300px;
  margin: 24px auto 0;
  padding-top: 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.12);
}

.tldr-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: var(--tldr-figure-height);
  margin-inline: auto;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.motivation-panel {
  padding: clamp(22px, 4vw, 34px);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--card-background);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.motivation-panel::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

.motivation-panel p {
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.8vw, 1.22rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.motivation-panel p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.motivation-wrap-figure {
  float: left;
  width: min(42%, var(--motivation-image-width, 230px));
  margin: 0 24px 12px 0;
  padding: 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa, #f1f2f4);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.motivation-wrap-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

.section-lead {
  max-width: 960px;
  margin: -8px auto 24px;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.8vw, 1.22rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.explore-card,
.method-card {
  padding: clamp(20px, 4vw, 34px);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--card-background);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.method-card-lead {
  margin: 0 0 22px;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.8vw, 1.22rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.workflow-figure {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #f9fafb;
}

.workflow-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.method-dot-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  margin: 24px 0 0;
  padding-left: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.method-dot-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 28px;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.65vw, 1.16rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.method-dot-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.65em;
  left: 0;
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(255, 207, 216, 0.75);
}

.method-dot-list code {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.method-hover {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 800;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.method-hover:hover,
.method-hover:focus {
  outline: none;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.method-hover-image {
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  z-index: 30;
  width: min(760px, 82vw);
  padding: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.08);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 45px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.96);
  transition:
    opacity var(--transition),
    transform var(--transition);
}

.method-hover-image img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
}

.method-hover:hover .method-hover-image,
.method-hover:focus .method-hover-image {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1);
}

.result-card-header {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.result-card-header h3 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--dark-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.45rem);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.result-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 16px;
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.result-legend span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
}

.stage-dot {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.experiment-question {
  padding: clamp(16px, 3vw, 22px);
}

.experiments-lead {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.experiment-nav {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
}

.experiment-question .question-content {
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.refinement-bar-chart {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(110px, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(16px, 3vw, 32px);
  min-height: 236px;
  padding: 24px 18px 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background:
    linear-gradient(rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06) 1px, transparent 1px) 0 18px / 100%
      58px,
    #f9fafb;
}

.refinement-metric {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 165px auto;
  gap: 12px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.refinement-bars {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: clamp(12px, 2vw, 18px);
  min-width: 0;
}

.value-bar {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
  width: clamp(34px, 5vw, 52px);
  height: var(--bar-height);
  min-height: 28px;
  border-radius: 7px 7px 0 0;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.12);
}

.value-bar b {
  position: absolute;
  top: -26px;
  left: 50%;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.stage-initial {
  background: #ffcfd8;
  border: 1px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.18);
}

.stage-refined {
  background: #b50025;
}

.metric-label {
  display: block;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(0.86rem, 1.35vw, 0.98rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-align: center;
}

.qualitative-figure {
  margin: 0;
}

.qualitative-figure-scroll {
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #f9fafb;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.qualitative-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 900px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.experiment-text-panel {
  padding: clamp(18px, 3vw, 26px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #f9fafb;
}

.experiment-text-panel p {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.6vw, 1.14rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.experiment-text-panel p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.videoqa-panel::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

.videoqa-table-wrap {
  float: right;
  width: min(46%, 460px);
  margin: 0 0 14px 26px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.12);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.videoqa-table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 390px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.videoqa-table th,
.videoqa-table td {
  padding: 10px 9px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;
  text-align: center;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.videoqa-table thead th {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.videoqa-table tbody th {
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-weight: 900;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.videoqa-table td {
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-weight: 800;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.videoqa-table tr:last-child th,
.videoqa-table tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.videoqa-table .highlight-row th,
.videoqa-table .highlight-row td {
  background: rgba(255, 207, 216, 0.38);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.iterative-panel {
  display: grid;
  gap: 20px;
}

.iterative-chart {
  padding: clamp(16px, 3vw, 24px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #f9fafb;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.iterative-chart-header {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 10px 18px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.iterative-chart-header h4 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--dark-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.7vw, 1.28rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.iterative-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 16px;
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.iterative-legend span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
}

.metric-gpt {
  background: #ff6987;
}

.iterative-model-group {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.08);
}

.iterative-chart-header + .iterative-model-group {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

.iterative-model-group:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.iterative-model-group h5 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.iterative-rows {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.iterative-trend-lines {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: calc(82px + 12px + 42px + 8px);
  display: block;
  z-index: 2;
  width: calc(100% - 82px - 12px - 42px - 8px);
  height: 100%;
  overflow: visible;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.trend-line {
  fill: none;
  stroke-width: 2.2;
  stroke-dasharray: 5 5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  opacity: 0.78;
  vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;
}

.trend-capt {
  stroke: rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.55);
}

.trend-gpt {
  stroke: rgba(255, 105, 135, 0.92);
}

.iterative-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 82px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: center;
}

.iterative-stage {
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.2;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.iterative-pair {
  display: grid;
  gap: 6px;
}

.horizontal-metric {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 8px;
  align-items: center;
}

.horizontal-label {
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.horizontal-track {
  display: block;
  min-width: 0;
}

.horizontal-fill {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  display: block;
  width: var(--bar-width);
  height: 14px;
  min-width: 22px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 12px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.1);
}

.horizontal-fill::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: -5px;
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: inherit;
  border: 2px solid #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.22);
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

.horizontal-fill.metric-capt {
  border: 1px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.18);
}

.experiment-dot-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.experiment-dot-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 24px;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(0.98rem, 1.55vw, 1.1rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.experiment-dot-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.68em;
  left: 0;
  width: 9px;
  height: 9px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(255, 207, 216, 0.7);
}

.chart-header {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.chart-header h3 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--dark-color);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.45rem);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.chart-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 16px;
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.chart-legend span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
}

.metric-dot {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.grouped-bar-chart {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, minmax(84px, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(12px, 2vw, 22px);
  min-height: 320px;
  padding: 26px 18px 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background:
    linear-gradient(rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06) 1px, transparent 1px) 0 18px / 100%
      58px,
    #f9fafb;
}

.model-group {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 220px auto;
  gap: 12px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.bar-cluster {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 6px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.bar {
  width: clamp(13px, 2vw, 22px);
  height: var(--bar-height);
  min-height: 8px;
  border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.12);
}

.metric-cider {
  background: #b50025;
}

.metric-bert {
  background: #ff6987;
}

.metric-capt {
  background: #ffcfd8;
  border: 1px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.18);
}

.model-label {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 3px;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: clamp(0.74rem, 1.25vw, 0.9rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-align: center;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.model-name,
.model-params {
  display: block;
}

.model-params {
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-size: 0.82em;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.ours-group .model-label {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.ours-group .model-params {
  color: rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.7);
}

.split-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.1fr);
  gap: clamp(24px, 4vw, 44px);
  align-items: center;
}

.cards-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.card,
.scaling-card,
.research-question,
.mmser-box {
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--card-background);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transition:
    transform var(--transition),
    box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.card:hover,
.scaling-card:hover,
.research-question:hover,
.mmser-box:hover,
.figure-container:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.card,
.scaling-card,
.mmser-box {
  padding: clamp(18px, 3vw, 28px);
}

.scaling-card {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.scaling-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 0 auto;
  height: 5px;
  background: var(--primary-color);
}

.figure-container {
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding: clamp(12px, 2vw, 20px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--card-background);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transition:
    transform var(--transition),
    box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.figure-container img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

.figure-caption {
  max-width: 95%;
  margin: 12px auto 0;
  color: var(--muted-text-color);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-align: center;
}

.gradient-figure {
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f9fafc, #e9edf3);
}

.motivation-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.4rem;
}

.motivation-list li {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.motivation-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.study-highlight {
  position: relative;
  color: #b50025;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.study-highlight:hover {
  color: #8f001d;
}

.study-hover-image {
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  z-index: 20;
  max-width: min(800px, 72vw);
  padding: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 45px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.96);
  transition:
    opacity var(--transition),
    transform var(--transition);
}

.study-highlight:hover .study-hover-image {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1);
}

.custom-nav-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 30px 0;
}

.custom-nav-pills .nav-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.14);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #ffffff;
  color: var(--dark-color);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition:
    transform var(--transition),
    box-shadow var(--transition),
    color var(--transition),
    background-color var(--transition);
}

.custom-nav-pills .nav-link:hover {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.custom-nav-pills .nav-link.active {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.research-question {
  margin: 16px 0;
  padding: 16px;
}

.question-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}

.question-number {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--secondary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.2);
}

.question-title {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--dark-color);
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.question-toggle {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--secondary-color);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition:
    background-color var(--transition),
    box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.question-toggle:hover,
.question-toggle:focus-visible {
  outline: none;
  background: rgba(255, 207, 216, 0.45);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(181, 0, 37, 0.18);
}

.chevron {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  transition: transform var(--transition);
}

.research-question.is-open .chevron {
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.question-content {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.findings-list {
  margin: 26px 0 0;
  padding-left: 0;
  counter-reset: finding-number;
}

.finding-item {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  padding-left: 44px;
  list-style: none;
  counter-increment: finding-number;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.finding-item::before {
  content: counter(finding-number);
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 2px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
}

.data-table {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 24px 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-collapse: separate;
  border-spacing: 0;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  background: var(--card-background);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.data-table th,
.data-table td {
  padding: 12px 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;
  text-align: center;
}

.data-table th {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.data-table tr:nth-child(even) td {
  background: rgba(255, 207, 216, 0.28);
}

.table-responsive {
  width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.citation-box {
  padding: clamp(18px, 4vw, 34px);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: #f1f1f1;
}

.citation-box pre {
  margin: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  word-break: break-word;
}

.wordmark-font {
  font-family: var(--display-font-family);
}

.footer {
  margin-top: 90px;
  padding: 42px 0;
  background: var(--footer-gradient);
  color: #ffffff;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer a {
  color: #ffffff;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  body {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .header-section {
    padding: 62px 0 48px;
  }

  .split-layout,
  .cards-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .custom-nav-pills {
    justify-content: stretch;
  }

  .custom-nav-pills .nav-link {
    flex: 1 1 220px;
  }

  .study-hover-image {
    display: none;
  }

  .method-hover-image {
    display: none;
  }

  .motivation-wrap-figure {
    float: none;
    width: min(100%, var(--motivation-image-width, 230px));
    margin: 0 auto 18px;
  }

  .grouped-bar-chart {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(88px, 1fr));
    row-gap: 28px;
  }

  .refinement-bar-chart {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(110px, 1fr));
    row-gap: 28px;
  }

  .videoqa-table-wrap {
    float: none;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 0 18px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .container {
    width: min(100% - 24px, 1300px);
  }

  .paper-title {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }

  .author-line {
    font-size: 0.98rem;
  }

  .institution-logo {
    width: 120px;
  }

  .action-row,
  .custom-nav-pills {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .btn,
  .custom-nav-pills .nav-link {
    flex: 0 1 auto;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .question-header {
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .question-toggle {
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
  }

  .figure-container {
    padding: 10px;
  }

  .grouped-bar-chart {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    padding-inline: 12px;
  }

  .model-group {
    grid-template-rows: 180px auto;
  }

  .refinement-bar-chart {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .refinement-metric {
    grid-template-rows: 128px auto;
  }

  .iterative-chart {
    padding: 14px 12px;
  }

  .iterative-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .iterative-trend-lines {
    display: none;
  }

  .horizontal-metric {
    grid-template-columns: 38px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .horizontal-track {
    display: block;
  }
}

@media (hover: none) {
  .card:hover,
  .scaling-card:hover,
  .research-question:hover,
  .mmser-box:hover,
  .figure-container:hover,
  .btn:hover,
  .custom-nav-pills .nav-link:hover {
    transform: none;
  }
}